Issue Scottish Devolution (1997) Belfast Agreement (1998)

Issue Scottish Devolution (1997) Belfast Agreement (1998)
Results in recent referenda held in the UK Marks Turnout (%) 60·4 Yes (%) 74·3 No (%) 25·7

81·1

71·1

28·9

London Mayor (1998) North East Regional Assembly (2004) Question 1

34·1

72·0

28·0

47·7

22·1

77·9

Use only the information in Sources A and B. What are the arguments for and against the use of referenda in the UK? 6

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Source C:

Selected Opinion Polls released in the final days of the 2010 UK General Election campaign showing support for the major UK parties Liberal Democrats 28% 27% 29% 26% 28%

Polling organisation/ Client YouGov/The Sun Populus/The Times

Labour 28% 28%

Conservative 35% 37% 36% 35% 37%

Angus Reid Public Opinion/ 24% PoliticalBetting.com Opinium/Daily Express ComRes/ITV/The Independent 27% 28%

Source D: UK General Election Result 2010 Change from previous election +96 –90 –5 Change from previous election (%) +3·8 –6·3 –0·9

Seats Conservative 306 Labour Liberal Democrats Source E: 500 400 258 57

Share of vote (%) 36·1 29·0 23·0

Labour Party Performance in UK General Elections (1983–2010) 50 40 Share of vote (%)

Seats

300 200 100 0

30 20 10 0

1983 1987 1992 1997 2001 2005 2010 Year

1983 1987 1992 1997 2001 2005 2010 Year

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Source F:

Election results 2010 by Area (Great Britain) and change from previous election. Con Lab 191 –87 28·1% –7·4% Lib Dem 43 –4 24·2% +1·3% Others 2 0 8·2% +2·3% Total 533 0 100·0% 0

England Seats Change Share of vote Change Scotland Seats Change Share of vote Change Wales Seats Change Share of vote Change Source G:

297 +91 39·5% +3·8%

1 0 16·7% +0·9%

41 +1 42·0% +3·1%

11 0 18·9% –3·7%

6 0 19·9% +2·3%

59 0 100·0% 0

8 +5 26·1% +4·7%

26 –4 36·3% –6·5%

3 –1 20·1% +1·7%

3 +1 11·3% –1·3%

40 0 100·0% 0

Changes in Voting by Social Class, Gender and Age 2010 General Election Changes since 2005 (%) Con Lab Lib Dem

Social Class AB C1 C2 DE Gender Male Female Age 18–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65+ [X235/12/01]

+2 +2 +4 +6 +4 +4 +2 +10 +7 +3 –1 +3

–2 –4 –11 –8 –6 –7 –7 –8 –10 –7 –3 –4

0 +1 +3 –1 0 +3 +4 +2 +3 +1 +1 –2 [Turn over

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Question 2 Use only the information in Sources C, D, E, F and G. “Opinion polls conducted in the last few days before the 2010 General Election accurately predicted the position of the major parties and their share of the vote. 2010 was undoubtedly Labour’s worst performance since 1983; Labour was comprehensively defeated right across the country with the Conservatives making the biggest gains in every area of Great Britain and in every section of the electorate.” To what extent does the information in Sources C, D, E, F and G support this viewpoint? 14 Marks
Section A—Political Theory Answer ONE question from this section. A1. Steven Lukes’ classifications of types of legitimacy, authority and power are far more relevant for the 21st century than those of Max Weber. Discuss. A2. Using the works of appropriate theorists, examine the key features of direct and representative democracy. A3. Compare and contrast the key features of John Locke’s Liberalism with those of Karl Marx’s Socialism.
Section B—Political Structures Answer ONE question from this section. B4. “Political assemblies are failing to scrutinise effectively the actions of the Executive.” Discuss with reference to the UK Parliament and either the Scottish Parliament or the US Congress. B5. Compare and contrast the main features of the UK constitution with that of either Scotland or the USA. B6. Compare and contrast the policy making functions of the UK Prime Minister with those of either Scotland’s First Minister or the President of the USA.
Section C—Political Representation Answer ONE question from this section. C7. To what extent do the delegate and trustee models place contrasting demands on the actions of representatives? C8. “Long term influences on voting behaviour now have much less significance than short term influences.” Discuss. C9. “The Additional Member System of voting has all the advantages of the First Past the Post system but none of its disadvantages.” Discuss.

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