Organisational Behaviour

 

Order type: Term PaperSubject: BusinessAcademic level: Not specifiedStyle: APA
TABLE OF CONTENTS (ON PAGE 2 – ONE PAGE FOR THIS)INTRODUCTIONWrite a few things here in brief, no discussion: (about 200 words)• What is Learning (give references)• Can write a paragraph on what is Org Behaviour and link it to Learning and Performance (i.e. what organisations, managers are interested in)• Mention that there are few Learning Theories• You can mention the main 2 approaches to learning, i.e. Behaviourist and Cognitivist• Mention the Theories you will be looking at in the report• State that you will apply these to the Call centre and identify the learning strategy used at the Call Centre, and provide suggestions/recommendationsCHAPTER/TASK 1 BEHAVIOURIST THEORIES OF LEARNINGBehaviourist approach to learning – based on behaviourist psychology. What are the main aspects? (can write a few sentences or 1 small paragraph) – also reflect this in your Conclusion at the end• PAVLOV’S CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY• State, who introduced this theory, what was the experiment• – Briefly explain the key aspects of this theory• – Talk through the terminology and explain (unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response; Association built between 2 unrelated things; Extinction)• – Apply to the Call Centre• SKINNER’S OPERANT CONDITIONING THEORY• State, who introduced this theory, what was the experiment• – Briefly explain the key aspects of this theory• – Talk through the terminology and explain (Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement; can include also – Schedules of Reinforcement, Extinction)• – Apply to the Call Centre• – criticise (critical evaluation), (what can be wrong/side effects of negative reinforcement and punishment?)CHAPTER/TASK 2 COGNITIVIST APPROACHES TO LEARNINGCognitivist approach – how it differs in general from Behaviourist approach (can write a few sentences or a small paragraph) – also reflect this in your Conclusion at the endThe term also used is ‘information processing theories’ – why?2.1 SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY• State, who introduced this theory• How this theory is also known (e.g. Observational Learning)• – Briefly explain the key aspects of this theory• can give a diagramme• Can also speak of ‘experience’; ‘reinforcement’ – see Bandura’ article• – in writing the above talk through the terminology and explain ()• – Apply to the Call Centre – Suggest how the Call Centre can use ‘behaviour modelling’, or ‘socialisation’ aspects in its learning strategy2.2 EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING THEORY4 stage learning cycle; 4 learning styles)• State, who introduced this theory• Why this theory is known as ‘Experiential Learning’ Theory (emphasizes on importance of ‘experience’ but sees it differently than Behaviourists. )• – Briefly explain the key aspects of this theory• Give a diagramme• – in writing the above talk through the terminology and explain• – Apply to the Call Centre• – Suggest how the Call Centre can use the knowledge that people ‘process information’ when learning• – Suggest how the knowledge of the 4 Stage Learning Cycle can be used by organisations – some call centre operators may learn this way• – Suggest how the knowledge of the 4 Learning Styles can be used (in training perhaps, how?)MOTIVATIONIn your work wherever possible and relevant in the above sections, relate the theories of learning and aspects in the case study to Motivation. E.g. Skinner’s negative reinforcement can correlate to McGregor’s Theory X managers approach to ‘motivation’, and positive reinforcement – to Theory Y manager’s approach. Explain and evaluate.It is also good to relate to Taylor and his approach to motivation (money as a motivator). It is good to also state and appreciate the fact that there are other motivators present (apart from financial incentives such as pay and bonus). You can relate to Maslow’s, Herzberg’s theories and to Mayo’s Hawthorne studies experiment.CONCLUSIONThis is a very important part of your reportThis section should be written carefully and include• The summary of the key points discussed in ALL the Chapters of your report• You can mention ‘Behaviourist’ and ‘Cognitivist’ approaches (if you talked about them in the Report – and give a brief COMPARISON contrasting these approaches (2 sentences perhaps).• It would be very good to give COMPARISON and CONTRAST the Theories of Learning you have discussed in all the Chapters/sections in your report. This can be a general comparison, can be points based. Some examples to illustrate (based on your work in the report) can be given• State the ‘Learning Strategy’ used at the Call Centre (which theory, which aspects of which theory do you think the Call Centre is using? – Base this on what you have discussed in the sections of your report• Make suggestions, recommendations that the Call Centre can consider using/implementing (e.g regarding training using learning styles [Kolb] – what kind of training; behaviour modelling [Bandura] – how this can be used). In more detail these aspects would have been written already in the Chapters/Sections of your report (before Conclusion)• Don NOT give any new points, theories discussion, information here – This is ‘Conclusion’ on what has already been written in the sections aboveOB Report Guidance Notes:Your Task for this Report Assignment is:“Identify and critically assess the learning strategy illustrated in this case study in relation to the learning theories discussed in this course. Relate learning to motivation”.Please refer to the KICL referencing guide on the course page on the VLE. Notes: Each report should:• Have at least eight (8) academic references using the appropriate referencing style (refer to your Study Skills Guide)• Be clearly structured• Be well-presented. Proof-read it carefully to avoid grammatical and spelling errors.• Be your own work, appropriately referencing the work of others. You should keep a PDF copy of all of the journal articles that you use as you may be asked to show your sources. REPORT STRUCTUREFollow Report structure and format (see another word document with details on this)REFERENCES:1) Make sure that you add 2-3 references (at least) in each section. 2) 1-2-3 references only used in the report are too few3) Overall use 12-15 references for the report (min 8)3) use VARIED sources for referencing: books, textbooks, articles, websites4) reference throughout your report (cite) in Harvard Referencing System5) Provide the full list at the end of the reportTHEORIES TO COVER (min 3-4):• Behaviourist learning theories: Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning Theory; Skinner’s Operant Conditioning• Cognitive approach: Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory• Can use if you want any other theories of learning as well.EACH THEORY:1) Explain the main points of the theory briefly2) Then APPLY to the Call Centre (in the case study) – [If there is not enough information in the Case Study – you can ASSUME things, imagine situations, Make Suggestions as to what the Call Centre can use to add to its learning strategyDIAGRAMMES:Include the Diagrammes (Bandura, Kolb) and in other cases if you can – these are not counted towards Word limit and increase the presentation and value of your reportMOTIVATIONIn your work wherever possible and relevant, relate the theories of learning and aspects in the case study to Motivation. E.g. Skinner’s negative reinforcement can correlate to McGregor’s Theory X managers approach to ‘motivation’, and positive reinforcement – to Theory Y manager’s approach. Explain and evaluate.It is also good to relate to Taylor and his approach to motivation (money as a motivator). It is good to also state and appreciate the fact that there are other motivators present (apart from financial incentives such as pay and bonus). You can relate to Maslow’s, Herzber’s theories and to Mayo’s Hawthorne studies experiment.CONCLUSION• Summarise here the key points that were discussed in the main body of your work (all chapters)• Can make brief comparison between behaviourist and congnitivist theories (stimulus-response, reflexive theories and information-processing theories)• Mention some examples of application of some of the key points of theories discussed in the chapters• Conclude with what theories/learning strategy the call centre is using.• Make suggestions• Note: do not bring in here any new informationUPLOAD YOUR WORK AS ‘DRAFT’ ON TURITIN ON VLE – SEE THE PLAGIARISM SCORE – MAKE CHANGES AS NECESSARY. The system allows to upload only once in 24 hours.Draft report and the main submission will be via Turnitin where it says “Turnitin – Case Study Submission”. You can upload your Draft on Turnitin before midnight on Saturday 27 May 2017. And the final version of your Report before midnight on Sunday 11 June 2017.Coherent argumentsSuport the points through researchShow the knowledge of the theories, briefly evaluate theseApply theories to the practical organisation (case scenario – call centre)Provide examples to support the points/arguments you make (these will be based on the case study, but can also be imaginary/can assume)Use critical evaluation,   Examples of the use of critical evaluation:• ‘On one hand….’, ‘On the other hand…’• Although the findings of behaviourist theories are certainly valuable and provide insight into learning, they seem to be limited in their approach.• Whereas Behaviourist theories emphasize on reflexive learning, Cognitivist place importance on mental processes that take place in the course of learning’• Negative Reinforcement – helps to achieve desired behaviour….. However, it can be argued that it can be damaging to an individual involved and also create resentment and lead to stress in that person’.• Although positive and negative reinforcement according to Skinner can be and is often used by organisations to reinforce the desired behaviour, more cognitive approaches can also be very beneficial to use. These can include, to name a few, the use of ‘behaviour modelling’ suggested by A. Bandura, and of the learning cycle and learning styles put forward by Kolb.THESE CAN BE FOLLOWED BY EXAMPLES TO ILLUSTRATE THE CONCEPTS/POINTS RAISED.Proof-read your work so that all sentences and paragraphs are logically connected and grammatically correctStyle – use 3rd person neutral, academic writing style (it is believed, it is suggested, it can be said that, therefore we can see that, there are 2 main approaches to learning, the classical conditioning theory states that, according to skinner…. Positive reinforcement ….)
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